Why Solar Power (and other renewables)

Solar power makes sense because the sun and wind is everywhere----yes not all the time----but anything we have to dig out of the ground-----oil, gas, coal, uranium etc has problems with delivering these systems----ships, pipelines, digging rigs etc.

Also water (H2O) is hydrogen from sun and oxygen----so sun can be used to create water

Geothermal makes more sense only because the earth is well---all over the earth---no special products needed there----uranium mined from Africa or asia, oil in middle east, coal in US etc

Wind is created by the Sun heating the earth unevenly----because earth is round, sun heats some areas faster then others, due to direct sunlight---so warm air rises and then cools in wind cycle----

Sources of US energy

2012 Crude Oil Imports

Solar power on earth

How fossil fuel power plants work----its basically turning a turbine over a magnet----nuclear, coal, natural gas etc ONLY used to boil water and create steam to turn the turbine!!!!!!

again Nuclear power only used to create steam

Sun evaporation creates water cycle

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/EarthSystems/Water_Cycle_Activity_files/image001.jpg

Hydrogen---from the sun----creates water

http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/HydrogenS.pdf

Hydrogen cycle

http://www.keepbanderabeautiful.org/hydrogen-cyclei.jpg

PATH TO 100% RENEWABLES BY 2030
http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/sad1109Jaco5p.indd.pdf 

Myths and Facts of Renewable Energy

http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/MythsvsRealitiesWWS.pdf

Wind Energy

http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/ElemInfo/WindE.pdf

Wind energy

http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-wind.htm

ARAB world versus MUSLIM world

arab is an ethnicity---islam is a religion---there are muslims in almost every country in the world---but they are not all arabs


ARAB world

MUSLIM world

2nd Amendment Quiz--my results

http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2011/1104/How-much-do-you-know-about-the-Second-Amendment-A-quiz/Results 

 

How much do you know about the Second Amendment? A quiz.

Quiz results

Your score	Average reader score	Expert score
8 Correct 7 Wrong 53% You answered 8 of 15 questions correctly for a total score of 53%.	71%

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Your results

Question	Your Response	Correct Answer	Score
Which right is protected by the Second Amendment?	Keep and bear arms	Keep and bear arms
Which is the correct text of the Second Amendment?	“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”	“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”
Constitutional scholars have long debated whether the Second Amendment protects the private possession of firearms or only the possession of firearms in the context of a well-regulated militia. The US Supreme Court examined the question in a 2008 case. What was the name of that landmark decision?		District of Columbia v. Heller
What issue was at stake in the 2008 Heller case?	All of the above.	All of the above.
What did the Supreme Court decide in the 2008 case?	Americans have a fundamental right to own and openly carry weaponry useful to a modern-day militia – except missiles, artillery, jet fighters, and tanks.	Residents of a federal enclave, like Washington, D.C., have a constitutional right to possess handguns and other commonly available firearms for personal protection in their homes.
Prior to 2008, the US Supreme Court last decided a case involving the Second Amendment in 1939. The case, US v. Miller, was a challenge to the constitutionality of the National Firearms Act of 1934. What did that federal law require?	Registration of machine guns, sawed-off shotguns, and other “gangster weapons” carried across state lines.	Registration of machine guns, sawed-off shotguns, and other “gangster weapons” carried across state lines.
What prompted Congress to pass the National Firearms Act of 1934?		The use of two Thompson submachine guns in Chicago’s 1929 St. Valentine’s Day massacre.
In the 1939 case, US v. Miller, two men were caught with an unlicensed sawed-off, double-barrel shotgun that they had transported from Oklahoma to Arkansas. They claimed the federal license requirement violated their Second Amendment rights. What did the court decide?	A shotgun with a barrel of less than 18 inches lacks any reasonable relationship to a well regulated militia. Since the weapon would not be useful to a militia, it was beyond the protection of the Second Amendment.	A shotgun with a barrel of less than 18 inches lacks any reasonable relationship to a well regulated militia. Since the weapon would not be useful to a militia, it was beyond the protection of the Second Amendment.
In 2010, the Supreme Court took up another landmark Second Amendment case, McDonald v. Chicago. What was the issue the high court decided?	Whether the court’s 2008 ruling establishing a constitutional right to possess handguns in Washington, D.C., would also apply to all state and local governments across the country.	Whether the court’s 2008 ruling establishing a constitutional right to possess handguns in Washington, D.C., would also apply to all state and local governments across the country.
Does the Second Amendment guarantee a personal right to own fully automatic military-issued combat rifles, heavy machine guns, and perhaps even shoulder-fired missiles?	No.	Probably not.
Does the Second Amendment guarantee a personal right to own semi-automatic rifles that resemble the fully-automatic military versions of the same firearm?	Yes.	Not clear at this point.
Following the 2008 Supreme Court ruling overturning the handgun ban, the District of Columbia City Council passed a new gun control measure, this one banning “assault weapons.” The Council defined “assault weapons” as semi-automatic rifles and pistols with certain military features. The new ban was challenged in federal court. A federal appeals court in October 2011 voted 2 to 1 to uphold the ban. What did the court say?		All of the above.
Gun rights advocates filed a new complaint in 2012 seeking to overturn the District of Columbia’s assault weapons ban. The lead plaintiff is Dick Heller, the same gun owner who successfully fought the District’s handgun ban. To challenge the assault weapons ban, Mr. Heller attempted to register a semi-automatic rifle he uses for target shooting, a Bushmaster XM-15-E2S. Which of the following individuals also used a Bushmaster XM-15-E2S?		All of the above.
In 1994, Congress passed a ban on certain semi-automatic assault weapons and large capacity magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds. How was Jared Loughner, the admitted gunman in the 2011 shooting spree involving Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, able to purchase 30-round magazines for his pistol?	The 1994 federal assault weapons ban and restrictions on large capacity magazines expired in 2004 and have not been renewed by Congress.	The 1994 federal assault weapons ban and restrictions on large capacity magazines expired in 2004 and have not been renewed by Congress.
According to the National Rifle Association, how many privately-owned guns are currently in the United States?	More than 250 million.	More than 250 million.

Congress is the one on ""welfare""

Congress is the one with “”extraordinary govt benefits paid for by taxpayer dollars””

yes they do a vital service of legislation---but there is a lot of wasted taxpayer money there as well

Martin Gross on Government Waste
Top 10

I've got This Version from 1992
The Govt Racket--Waste from A to Z

Govt Racket--Waste from A to Z, from 2000 and beyond

Article on Gross' works

Book review  larger version

Obituary Martin Gross

CSPAN video interview Clip

CSPAN FULL INTERVIEW




Base Congressional Salary since 1789 link here

2008 -- $169,300 per annum

2009 -- $174,000 per annum   

2010 -- $174,000 per annum

2011 -- $174,000 per annum

2012 -- $174,000 per annum

2013 -- $174,000 per annum

Note: Since the early 1980s, Senate leaders -- majority and minority leaders, and the president pro tempore -- have received higher salaries than other members. Currently, leaders earn $193,400 per year.


In September 2009, Obama cut the FY 2010 pay increases scheduled for most federal government employees from as much as 18.9 percent to no more than 2.0 percent. In addition, the salaries of all senior White House officials have been frozen since President Obama took office in 2009.  link here


California Rep Jackie Spier Video link

From article 5 Things The House GOP Should Cut Instead Of Food Stamps link

Food Stamps and GOP  (my blog piece)    link here

Travel expenses link here
...new gift reports show members of Congress were adept at taking advantage of last month’s summer recess and receiving almost $1.7 million in free trips during the month of August.

During a paid month long summer recess, members of Congress reported receiving $1,668,928 in gifts of free travel, the largest monthly total since August 2011. The gifts covered the expenses of 130 trips by members during August. For the year, members of Congress have received $3,346,611 in free travel paid by outside organizations.

FROM   link here

Personnel Allowance Component of the MRA

The Statement of Disbursements of the House also provides the formula that was used for

determining each Member’s MRA. In the 2010 formula, the personnel allowance component of this calculation was $944,671 for each Member.14

The Members’ Representational Allowance (MRA)

The Members’ Representational Allowance (MRA) is available to support Representatives in their official and representational duties. The MRA may be used for official expenses including, for example, staff, travel, mail, office equipment, district office rental, stationery, and other office supplies.

The 2012 allowances range from $1,270,129 to $1,564,613, with an average of $1,353,205.13

***BASE ALLOWANCE IS MORE THAN THEIR SALARY!!!!

The base allowance in the formula established in 2010 is $256,574.17

***salary is $175,000

Senators’ Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA)

The SOPOEA is funded within the “Contingent Expenses of the Senate,” account in the annual legislative branch appropriations bills. The average allowance is $3,209,103.26

Sequester finally attacks Senate barbershopof officially the Senate Hair Care Services unit

link here

“”government-subsidized haircuts for senators and their staff.””

“”Senators used to get free haircuts. But that stopped in 1979, when public pressure over wasteful government spending led the shop to impose a $3.50 fee. But even today, the shop’s full menu of unisex salon services are still far less expensive than many hair establishments around Washington. A basic trim is $20 plus tip, a manicure is $18 and eyebrow trimming runs $15.””

Before 1984 Congress did not pay into (or receive) Social Security

link here

Report on Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress November 30, 2012

link here 

FEHBP (Congressional Healthcare)

Congressional HealthCare Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP)
CRS report

There are 230 different health plans available in FEHBP for the 2013 plan year.
Out of the 230 plans available through FEHBP, an enrollee’s choice is typically limited to 10 to
15 different plans, depending on where the individual resides

All FEHBP plans cover a range of benefits, including hospital, surgical, physician, mental health,
prescription drug, catastrophic, and emergency care. There are variations in the amount the plans
pay for each benefit, the coverage of specific services, and the extent to which they protect
enrollees from the risk of catastrophic medical bills.

The federal government and enrollees share the cost of the premiums for FEHBP plans. The 

government’s contribution to premiums is set at 72% of the weighted average premium of all 

plans in the program, not to exceed 75% of any given plan’s premium.

The percentage of premiums paid by the government is calculated separately for individual and family coverage, but each uses the same formula. Annuitants and active employees pay the same premium amounts, although active employees have the option of paying premiums on a pre-tax basis. 

             Govt Pays         Employee Pays        Total Premium

Self         $184.06               $80.74                     $264.80

Family    $410.92               $178.24                    $589.16

As FEHBP is the largest employer-sponsored health insurance program in the United States, it is 

difficult to compare FEHBP to health benefits offered by other employers. Any comparison must 

be limited to large employers in the private sector and state and local governments.

large firms with more than 200 employees, 55% offered one plan, 37% offered two plans, and 8% offered three or more plans. For firms with more than 5,000 employees, a subset of the aforementioned group of large firms, 26% offered one plan, 49% offered two plans, and 25% offered three or more plans.

large firms, on average employers paid 82% of the premium for single plans and 75% of the premium for family plans for current employees

state and local government employers of all sizes, on average employers paid 88% of the
premium for single coverage and 76% of the premium for family coverage for current
employees.

Dental and vision benefits are available to active federal employees and annuitants through the
Federal Employees Dental and Vision Insurance Program.  Enrollees are responsible for 100% of the premiums. To continue or obtain FEDVIP coverage in retirement, an employee does not have to participate in FEDVIP prior to retirement.

The [Affordable Care Act, Obamacare] exchanges will not be insurers, but will provide a marketplace for eligible individuals and small businesses to purchase private health insurance plans. For more information on the exchanges, see CRS Report R42663, Health Insurance Exchanges Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), by Bernadette Fernandez and Annie L. Mach.

So Darrel Issa has been tweeting ""Replace Obamacare with FEHBP"" BUT in fact Obamacare will be replacing FEHBP---so why is he pushing a program that's ending???
My Blog Post Here

Atlantic Magazine Citizenship Quiz

http://m.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/07/what-if-you-had-to-earn-american-citizenship/309398/

Your Citizenship Score:

 43

Citizenship attained.

0-19: Citizenship denied

20-29: Probationary citizenship (must retake test in one year)

30-49: Citizenship attained

50 or higher: Citizenship attained, with distinction

Norquist and tax pledge---what is his real goal??

Grover Norquist Tax Pledge and Government Revenue

Grover Norquist wrote his Taxpayer pledge in order to cut government size in half---but when he argues for cutting tax rates and broadening the base, he argues that it would bring in MORE money for government!!!!! Why would he propose something where the goal is to cut government in half but argues that its goal is to GIVE GOVERNMENT MORE MONEY!!!!!!  Unless of course he is lying and he knows it.

FROM WIKIPEDIA

The primary policy goal of Americans for Tax Reform is to reduce government revenues as a percentage of the GDP.^[18][19] ATR states that it "opposes all tax increases as a matter of principle."^[20] Americans for Tax Reform has supported Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) legislation^[21] and transparency initiatives,^[22] while opposing cap-and-trade legislation^[23]and efforts to regulate health care.^[24]

On a side note---THANKS!!!

In 2010, Norquist, whose wife is a Muslim and who was born in Kuwait to Palestinian parents, emerged as an outspoken Republican foe of politicizing the mosque-in-Manhattan issue, calling it a "distraction".^[36]

Huh interesting----THANKS!!!

He has also "announced his plan to assemble a center-right coalition to discuss pulling out of Afghanistan to save hundreds of billions of dollars."^[37]

Norquist favors dramatically reducing the size of the government.^[12] He has been noted for his widely quoted quip: "I'm not in favor of abolishing the government. I just want to shrink it down to the size where we can drown it in the bathtub."^[50] Journalist William Greider quotes him saying his goal is to bring America back to what it was "up until Teddy Roosevelt, when the socialists took over. The income tax, the death tax, regulation, all that."^[51] When asked by journalist Steven Kroft about the goal of chopping government "in half and then shrink it again to where we were at the turn of the [20th] century" before Social Security and Medicare, Norquist replied, "We functioned in this country with government at eight percent of GDP for a long time and quite well."^[4]

Some smaller government advocates argue that Norquist's "obsession with tax revenue" is actually counterproductive with respect to minimizing the size of government, however.^[52]Although the Americans for Tax Reform mission statement is "The government's power to control one's life derives from its power to tax. We believe that power should be minimized",^[53] critics at the Cato Institute have argued that "holding the line on taxes constrains only one of the four tools (taxes, tax deductions, spending without taxation, and regulation) used by government to alter economic outcomes."^[52] Norquist's perceived failure to call as enthusiastically for corresponding and equally drastic spending cuts has led to criticism from many moderates that he is simply arguing for a false prosperity that is the result of deficit spending created by tax cuts that are not matched by corresponding spending cuts, and that he and other far right conservatives want future generations to pay for present prosperity with their financial futures.

Mark Levin Show

My Comments on the Mark Levin Show Friday 6/14/13---the 1st hour                  

i dont discuss everything he talked about----mostly immigration and how he doesnt like Bush, Rubio, Boehner etc and the Republicans in power now.....

Ooh these responses are fun!!!

Oh good his mentor is Rush Limbaugh!!

Really?? Boehner isn’t a conservative??? He was Gingrich’s deputy in 1994 Contract with America----wasn’t that a conservative document?? Wasn’t Gingrich a Reaganite???

By the way I agree with half of the contract with America----some of it was great.

Contract With America—Boehner---NOT Conservative??

The Contract with America was a document released by the United States Republican Party during the 1994 Congressional election campaign. Written by Larry Hunter, who was aided by Newt Gingrich, Robert Walker, Richard Armey, Bill Paxon, Tom DeLay, John Boehner and Jim Nussle, and in part using text from former President Ronald Reagan's 1985 State of the Union Address, the Contract detailed the actions the Republicans promised to take if they became the majority party in the United States House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years. Many of the Contract's policy ideas originated at The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank.

1. require all laws that apply to the rest of the country also apply to Congress;

Sounds great---actually more like a “”Duh”” to me

2. select a major, independent auditing firm to conduct a comprehensive audit of Congress for waste, fraud or abuse;

Sounds great as well

3. cut the number of House committees, and cut committee staff by one-third;

Cut committees?? Depends which committees---same with the staff---cuts have to be smart

4. limit the terms of all committee chairs;

Doesn’t sound bad

5. ban the casting of proxy votes in committee;

Doesn’t sound bad

6. require committee meetings to be open to the public;

Except for classified intelligence committees----and I think they all are now----on CSPAN and youtube

7. require a three-fifths majority vote to pass a tax increase;

Its not a constitutional amendment---hey lets require that Contract with America require a 3/5 vote!!

8. Guarantee an honest accounting of the Federal Budget by implementing zero base-line budgeting.

Again doesn’t sound bad

The rest of the contract

THE FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT

THE TAKING BACK OUR STREETS ACT

THE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT

THE FAMILY REINFORCEMENT ACT

THE AMERICAN DREAM RESTORATION ACT

THE NATIONAL SECURITY RESTORATION ACT

THE SENIOR CITIZENS FAIRNESS ACT

THE JOB CREATION AND WAGE ENHANCEMENT ACT

THE COMMON SENSE LEGAL REFORM ACT

THE CITIZEN LEGISLATURE ACT

http://www.nationalcenter.org/ContractwithAmerica.html

My response to GOP ideas and what they should really mean

http://libdem2.blogspot.com/2013/02/thank-you-gop-but.html

So poor immigrants come here illegally and then 2^nd and 3^rd generations BORN HERE are poorer?? That’s due to American inequality not immigration issues.

MRC is Media Research Center?? I thought it was Media Research COUNCIL----I’ve spoken with Dan Gainor for many months----but there could be 2 programs

Heather from the Manhattan Institute and Mark are disagreeing and then say “”yes you’re right””…..

Amnesty is (as I understand it) full legalization immediately---not Gang of 8 plan with a longer waiting period and harder road to legalization----but yes in the end legalization is the result.

So we borrow 40 cents on every dollar---that is our debt---means we DON’T borrow 60 cents on every dollar we spend----AND most of the “”debt”” that we “”borrow”” is NOT borrowed from other countries like China but is borrowed from Americans and states that buy Treasury Bonds as investments.

From 2011

Dodd Frank is destroying our economy?? Wall St is doing great and they’re the guys who BROKE the economy in the first place!!!  Their “”recession”” lasted maybe 6 months!! 

3 years after Dodd Frank---the bill was passed and THEN dismantled!!! 

http://www.npr.org/2013/05/08/181999098/nearly-three-years-after-dodd-frank-reforms-happen-slowly

Wall St does not play fair---they rig everything 

http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/everything-is-rigged-the-biggest-financial-scandal-yet-20130425

EVERYTHING IS RIGGED----THIS WEEK ITS CURRENCIES

http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/blogs/taibblog/everything-is-rigged-vol-9-713-this-time-its-currencies-20130613

Filibuster Reform

WE NEED TO AT LEAST HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO VOTE YES OR NO

We need to break the “”60 Vote”” rule to bring bills to an up or down vote---if you disagree with the bill---then vote no ON THE BILL---DO NOT stop the debate!!!

***Bills that GOP would not allow up or down vote on (BY THE WAY I THOUGHT GOP AGENDA WAS “”JOBS JOBS JOBS””)

From Tom Harkin “”In the last two Congresses, consider just some of the measures blocked by the minority – measures that received majority support on a cloture vote:

the DREAM ACT,

the Bring Jobs Home Act,

the Small Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act,

the Paying a Fair Share Act of 2012,

the Repeal Big Oil Tax Subsidies Act,

the Teachers and First Responders Back to Work Act,

the American Jobs Act of 2011,

the Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act,

the Paycheck Fairness Act, and

the Creating American Jobs and Ending Offshoring Act.

Senator Tom Harkin on Filibuster Reform (picture from Filibuster Statement)

Senator Tom Harkin interview on Filibuster Reform

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbUKzEfbVYI

Senator Tom Harkin on Filibuster

http://www.harkin.senate.gov/documents/pdf/4d24b42007d71.pdf

Senator Tom Harkin Statement on Filibuster Reform

http://www.harkin.senate.gov/press/release.cfm?i=339395

http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?r104:./temp/~r104HJHPZN


[FROM QUAD-CITY TIMES, NOV. 22, 1994]

Harkin Keeps His Promise

Two months ago, Sen. Tom Harkin of Iowa expressed dismay at the way Republicans had repeatedly blocked legislation that was supported by a majority of the Senate.

ARTICLES AND INFO ON FILIBUSTER

filibuster - Informal term for any attempt to block or delay Senate action on a bill or other matter by debating it at length, by offering numerous procedural motions, or by any other delaying or obstructive actions. http://www.senate.gov/reference/glossary_term/filibuster.htm cloture - The only procedure by which the Senate can vote to place a time limit on consideration of a bill or other matter, and thereby overcome a filibuster. Under the cloture rule (Rule XXII), the Senate may limit consideration of a pending matter to 30 additional hours, but only by vote of three-fifths of the full Senate, normally 60 votes.http://www.senate.gov/reference/glossary_term/cloture.htm Cloture invoked  (de facto filibuster---need 60 to procede) http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/cloture_motions/clotureCounts.htm

http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/12/everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-filibuster-reform-but-were-afraid-to-ask/265703/

http://www.rules.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?a=Files.Serve&File_id=25f59865-abbd-4aa9-80aa-c6ce36e08ad7

http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Filibuster_Cloture.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate

http://www.nolabels.org/understanding-filibuster

http://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/RL30360.pdf

Senator Robert Byrd on Filibuster in 2010
http://www.rules.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?a=Files.Serve&File_id=b62c87fe-d03d-44c3-a341-06c1390c4294

what the senate did in January 2013
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42996.pdf

JULY 2013 OBAMA NOMINATION FILIBUSTER FIGHT
Confirm Tom Perez
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEN3IEhtvUw

Harkin Speech Text
http://www.harkin.senate.gov/press/release.cfm?i=345332

Video of Harkin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iekqC1Yz1x8

Understanding The 2nd Amendment

THESE ARE NOT MY PERSONAL COMMENTS---

The 2^nd Amendment---From Corwin and Peltason's Understanding the Constitution (7^th Edition) pg 144

Pg 144 Militia and the Right to Bear Arms

“”A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State (this refers to “”state”” in the generic sense rather to states of the Union), the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.””

There has been no definitive ruling on the matter, but the weight of opinion of most informed commentators is that the amendment was designed to prevent Congress from disarming the state militias, not to prevent it from regulating private ownership of firearms. In upholding a federal law making criminal the shipment in interstate commerce of sawed-off shotguns, the Court found no evidence that such weapons had any reasonable relationship “”to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia.”” The Second Amendment, it held, “”must be interpreted and applied”” with a view to maintaining a militia. “”The Militia which the States were expected to maintain and train is set in contrast with Troops which they were forbidden to keep without the consent of Congress. The sentiment of the time strongly disfavored standing armies; the common view was that adequate defense of country and laws could be secured through the Militia—civilians primarily, soldiers on occasion.”” (note 124 from US v Miller 1939)

The Supreme Court has never listed this amendment as being one of those provisions of the Bill of Rights that limits the power of the state governments. As Justice Douglas wrote in an opinion dissenting on another point, “”A powerful lobby dins into the ears of our citizenry that…gun purchases are constitutional rights protected by the Second Amendment…There is under our decisions no reason why stiff state laws governing the purchase and possession of pistols may not be enacted. There is no reason why a State may not require a purchaser of a pistol to pass a psychiatric test. There is no reason why all pistols should not be barred to everyone except the police.”” (note 125 from Adams V. Williams 1972)

FROM http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18637/18637-h/18637-h.htm#Page_811

AMENDMENT 2

BEARING ARMS

[Pg 813]

Amendment 2

""A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.""

The protection afforded by this amendment prevents infringement by Congress of the right to bear arms for a lawful purpose, but does not apply to such infringement by private citizens. For this reason an indictment under the Enforcement Act of 1870,^[1] charging a conspiracy to prevent Negroes from bearing arms for lawful purposes was held defective.^[2] A State statute which forbids bodies of men to associate together as military organizations, or to drill or parade with arms in cities and towns unless authorized by law, does not abridge the right of the people to keep and bear arms.^[3] In the absence of evidence tending to show that possession or use of a shotgun having a barrel of less than 18 inches in length has some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia, the Court refused to hold invalid a provision in the National Firearms Act^[4] against the transportation of unregistered shotguns in interstate commerce.^[5]

MILITIA ACT 1792  http://www.constitution.org/mil/mil_act_1792.htm

MILITIA under control of President (as Commander in Chief) and Congress---NOT to fight government tyranny

 WEAPONS and laws of Militia

ANOTHER great piece on MILITIA, 2nd Amendment and what Founders had in mind

http://www.saf.org/lawreviews/fieldsandhardy.html